翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ List of Norwegian films of the 2000s ・ List of Norwegian films of the 2010s ・ List of Norwegian fjords ・ List of Norwegian Football Cup finals ・ List of Norwegian football league champions ・ List of Norwegian football transfers 2010 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers summer 2012 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers summer 2013 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers summer 2014 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers summer 2015 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers winter 2011–12 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers winter 2012–13 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers winter 2013–14 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers winter 2014–15 ・ List of Norwegian football transfers winter 2015–16 ・ List of Norwegian fortresses ・ List of Norwegian governments ・ List of Norwegian jazz musicians ・ List of Norwegian magazines ・ List of Norwegian ministries ・ List of Norwegian monarchs ・ List of Norwegian monarchs' mottos ・ List of Norwegian musicians ・ List of Norwegian photographers ・ List of Norwegian players selected in the NHL Entry Draft ・ List of Norwegian Premier League top scorers ・ List of Norwegian Premier League venues ・ List of Norwegian records in athletics ・ List of Norwegian records in speed skating ・ List of Norwegian records in swimming Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク List of Norwegian fortresses ： ウィキペディア英語版 List of Norwegian fortresses Norwegian fortresses or fortifications have been constructed from some of the earliest recorded periods, down through the 20th century. The geography and topography of glacially carved, mountainous Norway constrain both the sea and the land routes which an aggresser must follow. Natural strong-points, such as rock outcroppings at Halden, Tønsberg and Trondheim make excellent bases for fortification (i.e., natural fortresses). Fortifications evolved to accommodate the offensive threat which they guard against. Early castles provided a strong defense against the attack of the day, and were normally taken by duplicity or siege. In the age of black powder, cannon allowed breaching of the fortress walls and subsequent taking by storm. As a result, fortresses changed form, now incorporating design features like the bastion, ravelin, and glacis to allow cannon within the fortress to be effective while protecting the walls and defenders from external attack. This evolution of technology continued into the 20th century as weaponry continued to evolve. ==Historical context for Norwegian fortresses== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Norwegian fortresses」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.